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Chiasmus (Reversed Parallel Construction) from Greek [cross arrangement] - is based on repetition of syntactical patterns, but it has a reversed order in one of the utterances. I.e.one of the sentences is inverted as compared to that of the second sentence: 
Down dropped the breeze,
The sails dropped down. (Coleridge) e.g. The public wants a thing, therefore it is supplied with it, or if it is supplied with a thing, it wants it. (Thackeray).
Chiasmus is sometimes achieved by a sudden change from active voice to passive or vice versa. It brings in some new shade of meaning or additional emphasis on the second part.

Suspense  - is a compositional device that consists in arranging the utterance in such a way, that the less important, descriptive parts are placed at the beginning, while the main idea is presented in the end of the utterance. The sentences of this type are called periodic. Thus the reader's interest is held up, he is kept in a state of un’certainty and expectation. This device is typical of oratoric style. Suspense and climax sometimes go together.

Repetition is reiteration of the same word or phrase with the view of expressiveness. As an SD it fixes the reader’s attention on the key-word of the utterance. It can be of various types: at the beginning - anaphora; at the end – epiphora; the last word of one is repeated at the beginning of the next part – anadiplosis (linking/ reduplication) – Beauty is truth, truth beauty, - that is all ye know on earth… (Keats); at the beginning and at the end of a sentence/paragraph – framing – кольцевой повтор, рамка. It helps to promote the text categories: prospection, retrospection, presupposition, predictability, wholeness, intensifies the utterance, produces the monotony of action, makes the rhythm. The special type of R is called distant rep-n – when the repeated word /phrase occurs not in a…

Climax (Gradation) is an arrangement of sentences which secures a gradual increase in significance, importance, or emotional tension in the utterance: “It was a lovely city, a beautiful city, a fair city, a veritable gem of a city” (Byron).”Little by little, bit by but, and day by day, and year by year the baron got the worst of some disputed question” (Dickens).

Litotes is a form of understatement which uses the denied opposite of a word to weaken or soften a message.

Examples: That's not bad. (instead of: That's good/great.)
Boats aren't easy to find in the dark. (instead of: Boats are hard/difficult to find in the dark.)

Question without a direct answer.The author / speaker raises a question, but doesn't answer it directly as he/she sees the answer (usually Yes or No) as obvious.Rhetorical questions are used to provoke, emphasise or argue.

Examples:
When public money brings windfalls to a few, why should the state not take a share?

Repeating words or phrases.Words or phrases are repeated throughout the text to emphasise certain facts or ideas.

Examples:
Down, down, down. Would the fall never come to an end! »I wonder how many miles I've fallen by this time?« she said aloud. […]
Down, down, down. There was nothing else to do, so Alice soon began talking again. […]

Question without a direct answer.The author / speaker raises a question, but doesn't answer it directly as he/she sees the answer (usually Yes or No) as obvious.Rhetorical questions are used to provoke, emphasise or argue.

Examples:
When public money brings windfalls to a few, why should the state not take a share?

Litotes is a form of understatement which uses the denied opposite of a word to weaken or soften a message.

Examples: That's not bad. (instead of: That's good/great.)
Boats aren't easy to find in the dark. (instead of: Boats are hard/difficult to find in the dark.)

Inversion examples- 1.In came Jack.(predicate before the subject) 2.A good generous prayer it was.(predicative before the subject) 3.Little chances Ben had.(direct object before the subject) etc.

Parallel construction- Mary cooked dinner,John watched TV,Pete played tennis.

Enumeration- There was a great deal of confusion and laughter and noise,the noise of orders and counter-orders,of knives and forks,of corks and glass-stoppers.

Asyndeton- John couldn't have done such a silly thing,he is enough clever for that.Fathers,mothers,uncles.

Polysyndeton- The dog barked and pulled Jack,and growled,and raged.