Ailiss

It's already last week! So quickly passed Stylistics classes, I quess, it is because they were interesting and instructive.

Thank you, Yulia Olegovna, for interesting method of working with students via the Internet.

The subject is very informative and captivating for further education.

Epiphora is a stylistic devises when the end of successive sentences (clauses) is repeated. E.g. "I'm a Pepper, he's a Pepper, she's a Pepper, we're a Pepper. Wouldn't you like to be a Pepper, too? Dr. Pepper." (advertising jingle for Dr. Peppper soft drink) Anaphora is stylistic devises when the beginning of two or more sentences (clauses) is repeated.It is: The deliberate repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of several successive verses, clauses, or paragraphs; for example, "We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills" (Winston S. Churchill).It is: Linguistics. The use of a linguistic unit, such as a pronoun, to refer back to another unit, as the use of her to refer to Anne…

Ellipsis is the omission from a sentence of words which are normally needed to complete the grammatical construction or meaning. It occurs most often in everyday speech, in expressions such as Told you so (= I told you so) and Sounds fine to me (= It or that sounds fine to me), and also occurs regularly in all kinds of spoken and written English. E.g.: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PNhHGR2udPM Antithesis is a rhetorical term for the juxtaposition of contrasting ideas in balanced phrases or clauses. Usually it is built up with the help of 4 words: 2 of them - antonyms and other two make antithesis. E.g.: His coat-sleeves being a great deal too long, and his trousers a great deal too short, he appeared ill at ease in his clothes. (Dickens) http://www.answers.com/topic/ellipsis#ixzz2P8aIWjR…

Modern literary theory has often used ‘metonymy’ in a wider sense, todesignate the process of association by which metonymies are produced and understood: this involves establishing relationships of contiguity between two things, whereas metaphor establishes relationships of similarity between them. The metonymy/metaphor distinction has been associated with the contrast between syntagm and paradigm. E.g. Metonymy of hand a. THE HAND STANDS FOR PERSON. - The book travelled from hand to hand. b. THE HAND STANDS FOR PERSONALITY/ EMOTION. -Brian welcomed me with glad hands c. THE HAND STANDS FOR ACTIVITY. -She is so brave that she takes her life in her hands traveling to Africa. d. THE HAND STANDS FOR SKILL.- He is notorious for running the company with a heavy hand. e. THE HAND STANDS FOR CO…

Epithet is an unusual description of a phenomenon. Periphrasis is a roundabout way of referring to something by means of several words instead of naming it directly in asingle word or phrase. one more example: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yj8u0Ovgdzg Euphemism is a substitution of an agreeable or less offensive expression in place of one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant to the listener. Oxymoron is a rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms are combined, as in a deafening silence and a mournful optimist. Hyperbole is the use of exaggeration as a rhetorical device or figure of speech. It may be used to evoke strong feelings or to create a strong impression, but is not meant to be taken literally. Understatement is a form of irony in which something is…

8 марта - женский день!
Один из дней в году,
Когда Мы вносим во все улыбок теплоту,
Когда цветы цветут в душе!
И в этот светлый час, как прежде вновь
Пусть будет Нам сопутствовать:
Надежда, Вера и Любовь!

Pun is synonymous with the current expression 'play upon words'. The semantic essence of the device is based on polysemy or homonymy.It is used for comic effect. E.g. - Have you been seeing spirits? (Here it can be ghosts or alcoholic drinks) - Or taking any? :) (Here it can be milk products or some important persons) Zeugma is the very fact of proximity, of dose co-occurence is innatural, illogical since the resulting combinations are essentially different: they simply do not go together. It is used for comic effect. E.g. "You held your breath and the door for me." "The addict kicked the habit and then the bucket." Irony is a rhetorical device, literary technique, or situation in which there is an incongruity between the literal and the implied meaning. It's used for comic effect, sarcas…

Metaphor is implied comparison between 2 objects that are basically different, but in reality have something in common. It has: A -the tenor, B - the vehicle. Formula: A is B. Here we don't use like or as. Simile we can find with the help of linking words: like, as, to resemble, to appear and others. It is the imaginative comparison of 2 unlike objects that belong to different classes. Formula: A is like B. Personification is giving attributing qualities, abilities or characteristic features of human-being to animals or lifeless objects, making abstract objects behave as alive. Personification creates a visual imagery in a manner so beautiful, that you are tempted to imagine what you read. The use of this literary device gives a break from the monotonous language that you may be used to r…

Metonymy is applying the name of an object to another object that is in some way connected with the first.

For example: The gallery applauded. - We imply the people in the gallery, NOT the building of it. (Yu. M. Skrebnev)

Metonymy has some subtypes of it. We learned about synecdoche and antonomasia.

Synecdoche is the use name of a part to denote the whole or vice versa.

Antonomasia is a substitution of any epithet or phrase for a proper name.(http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/373130)

Simile is imaginative comparison of a partial affinity of 2 objects. It is used with the help of link words: like and as (also: to resemble, to seem, to look like).

As well as a metaphor, it has the tenor and the vehicle.

E.g. The rainbow - is the tenor and its descriptions are vehicles (words after as)

Both similes and metaphors compare things, but they do it in a different way.

We can see their formulas:

As we see on the picture metaphor makes more direct comparison of two objects.

In everyday life we use them and we don't give attention to it, but without metaphors and similes our favourite songs and may be our life would become boring. You can check it here http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zNFeAgUzpEQ