Modern literary theory has often used ‘metonymy’ in a wider sense, todesignate the process of association by which metonymies are produced and understood: this involves establishing relationships of contiguity between two things, whereas metaphor establishes relationships of similarity between them. The metonymy/metaphor distinction has been associated with the contrast between syntagm and paradigm.
E.g. Metonymy of hand
a. THE HAND STANDS FOR PERSON. - The book travelled from hand to hand.
b. THE HAND STANDS FOR PERSONALITY/ EMOTION. -Brian welcomed me with glad hands
c. THE HAND STANDS FOR ACTIVITY. -She is so brave that she takes her life in her hands
traveling to Africa.
d. THE HAND STANDS FOR SKILL.- He is notorious for running the company with a heavy hand.
e. THE HAND STANDS FOR CONTROL / INFLUENCE. -Our workers tend to grow lazy if they are given a free hand.
f. THE HAND STANDS FOR GIVING. - I need a person to help me hand out these leaflets on the street.
g. THE HAND STANDS FOR SIDE. - You can across the street because no traffic is on either hand of the road.
Without using "like" or "as".
Conceptual metaphors of hand
|
Expressions of metaphor |
Metaphorical expressions of hand |
|
ontological metaphor |
- THE HAND IS A CONTAINER - HOLDING IN THE HAND IS POSSESSION - HOLDING IN THE HAND IS CONTROL |
|
orientational metaphor |
· SURRENDERING ONESELF IS UP · FINDING SOMETHING IS ON SOMETHING |
|
structural metaphor |
- HANDS OF A CLOCK, CRAB'S HANDS, LOBSTER'S HAND , THE HAND OF A GUN |
http://www.answers.com/topic/metonymy#ixzz2Ni7sZfTU
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