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This week we talked about Graphical EMs. A style of typeface in which letters are slanted to the right. This is printed in italics. "I don't even like old cars. I mean they don't even interest me. I'd rather have a goddam horse. A horse is at least human, for God's sake." (J. D. Salinger, The Catcher in the Rye) http://grammar.about.com/od/il/g/italterm.htm The practice of using capital letters in writing or printing. Proper nouns, key words in titles, the pronoun I, and beginnings of sentences are generally capitalized. However, certain conventions for capitalizing words, names, and titles vary from one style guide to another. Mary's address is 123 Smith Street, Malate, Manila, Philippines. http://grammar.about.com/od/c/g/Capitalization.htm The intentional violation of the graphical shap…

The gift of the magi by O.Henry. • Three times Della counted it. (Alliteration) • There was clearly nothing to do but flop down on the shabby little couch and howl. (Onomatopoeia) • … life is made up of sobs, sniffles, and smiles, with sniffles predominating.(Alliteration) • A furnished flat at $8 per week. (Alliteration) • It did not exactly beggar description, but … (Assonance) • … and an electric button from which no mortal finger could coax a ring. (Onomatopoeia) • Now, when the income was shrunk to $20, though, they were thinking seriously of contracting to a modest and unassuming D. (Alliteration) • She stood by the window and looked out dully at a gray cat walking a gray fence in a gray backyard. (Alliteration), (Assonance) • And then an ecstatic scream of joy; and then, alas! (Ono…

The gift of the magi by O.Henry. One dollar and eighty - seven cents. That was all. And sixty cents of it was in pennies. Pennies saved one and two at a time by bulldozing the grocer and the vegetable man and the butcher until one's cheeks burned with the silent imputation of parsimony that such close dealing implied. Three times Della counted it. (inversion) One dollar and eighty - seven cents. (Framing repetition) And the next day would be Christmas. There was clearly nothing to do but flop down on the shabby little couch and howl. So Della did it. Which instigates the moral reflection that life is made up of sobs, sniffles, and smiles, (anticlimax) with sniffles predominating. While the mistress of the home is gradually subsiding from the first stage to the second, take a look at the h…

This week we discussed syntactical SDs and EMs. I want to describe some of them. Antithesis is a rhetorical device in which two opposite ideas are put together in a sentence to achieve a contrasting effect. Antithesis emphasizes the idea of contrast by parallel structures of the contrasted phrases or clauses, i.e. the structures of phrases and clauses are similar in order to draw the attention of the listeners or readers. For example: “Setting foot on the moon may be a small step for a man but a giant step for mankind.” The use of contrasting ideas, “a small step” and “a giant step”, in the sentence above emphasizes the significance of one of the biggest landmarks of human history. And other examples: · Man proposes, God disposes. · Love is an ideal thing, marriage a real thing. · Speech…

Last week we discussed about Periphrasis, Euphemism, Hyperbole, Understatement. Periphrasis is a stylistic device that consists in the renaming of an object by a phrase that brings out some particular feature of it. Rendering a purely individual perception of the object the device can be decipherable only in context. If a periphrastic locution is understandable outside the context, it is not a stylistic device but merely a synonymous expression. Divisions of Stylistic Periphrasis: Logical - based on one inherent properties or perhaps a passing feature of the object described. Example: “the object of his admiration” (pertaining to “love”) Figurative – based either on metaphor or metonymy, the keyword of the collocation being the word used figuratively. Example: “the punctual servant of all…

This week we talked about pun, zeugma, irony and malapropism. They all have a comic effect. A pun is a play on words in which a humorous effect is produced by using a word that suggests two or more meanings or by exploiting similar sounding words having different meanings. In everyday life, puns are intentionally or accidently used in jokes and witty remarks. Let us consider a few examples: · The life of a patient of hypertension is always at steak. · A horse is a very stable animal. · Time flies like an arrow. Fruit flies like a banana. · An elephant’s opinion carries a lot of weight. http://literarydevices.net/pun/ Zeugma is a figure of speech in which a word, usually a verb or an adjective, applies to more than one noun blending together grammatically and logically different ideas. · H…

What is metonymy? Metonymy is a figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated. So we have structure of metonymy A/B instead of AB. We use metonymy frequently in our everyday life. For a better understanding, let us observe a few metonymy examples: - England decides to keep check on immigration. (England refers to the government.) - The suits were at meeting. (The suits stand for business people.) - The pen is mightier than the sword. (Pen refers to written words and sword to military force.) - The Oval Office was busy in work. (“The Oval Office” is a metonymy as it stands for people at work in the office.) - Let me give you a hand. (Hand means help.) http://literarydevices.net/metonymy/ A variant of metonymy is synecdoche. Syne…

This week we spoke about simile. A simile is a figure of speech that makes a comparison, showing similarities between two different things. Unlike a metaphor, a simile draws resemblance with the help of words “like” or “as”. Therefore, it is direct comparison. So, we know that structure of simile is A is like/as B. A simile has 3 objects: the tenor, the vehicle and link-word. Semantically it could be original and trite. Trite similes in dictionaries called cliches. And structurally could be ordinary and disguised. Here are some examples of similes: For my picture I used this site: http://mmdelrosario.hubpages.com/hub/simile-and-metaphors Feel free to use similes when you want. Using similes in a social setting will make you look witty and well read. However, when using a simile, make it l…

So, two weeks we spoke about metaphors. We know that metaphor is like a simile. That's because it is a comparison that is made between things, which is not always likely or obvious. However, the explicit use of the word 'like' or 'as' which you see in a simile, is not used in a metaphor which is rather a comparison of two unlike things using the verb "to be". Metaphors can be original or trite and simple, prolonged or mixed. Also metaphors have subtypes. There are personification and metagoge. I found some metaphors, and analyzed them: http://fos.iloveindia.com/metaphor-examples.html 1) Time is a thief. - It doesn't mean that time steals something. The metaphor shows that time flies quickly, we don't notice it, and time passes us by. I think this metaphor is simple and trite. 2) America i…

Hello!

I never had the blog and didn't participate in communities. I know, it is very popular now. But it is my first experience, and I think, it will be an effective way of training.

What about stylistics? I can say that it is science about style or styles of language and artistic speech. The stylistics are science about verbal skill.

By the end of the course, I hope, this subject will teach me to transfer my thoughts and emotions in different conditions of communication. My speech will be exact, clear and stylistically correct.