The Metaphor. Through the history.

According to the history, metaphor arose in the period of the disintegration of mythological consciousness. Origin of metaphor initiated the process of the abstraction of concrete representations and the births of artistic image.

Medieval art and literature, based on monotheistic beliefs, when human life was interpreted as a worship of the God and everything was executed secretly in the world life of people, history, natural phenomena, etc.), creates an intricate, but a single system of symbols which is absolutely metaphorical.

The Renaissance. The god is not the century of the world outlook. Human became the main part of a literature and a life, which was looking for balance between "me" and the world. The literature of the Renaissance reflected so-called “classical style” process of the epoch, which was deprived of the subjective metaphoricalness. The Shakespeare's works were models of the period.

The metaphor at the beginning of 20th century was an author's mean of intensive creative will expansion. The hypertrophy of human’s “me” destroyed a sovereignty of the world and turned it into subjective form of objective reality. “The metaphor can be showed only through substance, because there is no any substance without comparison, because substance is a comparison” (Mandelstam O. Conversation about Dante). Such metaphor broke ordinary trope function. Concerning to the modern literature, the metaphor is not only a mean of a word updating: it can be excess of creative imagination and personal initiative of an author, but also it has a possibility to support a weaken expression.