--- title: "The next" description: "Today I would like to make a generalization to a large section. Stylistic devices-It is a conscious ..." author: "Julia_Crystal777" published: "2012-11-27T07:04:27+00:00" modified: "2012-11-27T07:05:12+00:00" locale: "ru" canonical_url: "https://yvision.kz/post/the-next-304813" markdown_url: "https://yvision.kz/post/the-next-304813/markdown" site_name: "Yvision.kz" --- # The next > Today I would like to make a generalization to a large section. Stylistic devices-It is a conscious ... *Today I would like to make a generalization to a large section.* **Stylistic devices-It is a conscious and intentional intensification of some typical structural and/or semantic property of a language unit (neutral or expressive) promoted to a generalized status and thus becoming a generative model.** **Expressive means-Now it should be possible to define the notion of expressive means. The expressive means of a language are those phonetic, morphological, word-building, lexical, phraseological and syntactical forms which exist in language-as-a-system for the purpose of logical and/or emotional in­tensification of the utterance.** **Simile****- **a kind of comparison in which two things are com­pared be­cause they have something in common though they are in all other respects different. A simile states that a is like/as. Each simile consists of the following three components: 1) the thing which is compared, called **the tenor**; 2) the thing with which it is compared, called **the vehicle**; 3) link-words, such as **like, as, as though, as like, such as, as … as, as if, seem. **She walks like an angel. / I wandered lonely as a cloud. (Wordsworth)- According to I. R. Galperin - **lexical** **SDs** **and EMs** V. A. Kukharenko it is **lexico-syntactic SDs** , according to Yu. M. Skrebnev’s classification- **units of syntagmatic semasiology**, **figures of identity** **Metaphor****- **a comparison between two things which are basically quite different without using the words *like* or *as*. While a simile only says that one thing is *like* another, a metaphor says that one thing *is* another. Life’s but a walking shadow ... (Shakespeare *Macbeth*). According to I. R. Galperin-**lexical** **SDs** **and EMs. **V. A. Kukharenko-**lexical SDs* *** .Yu. M. Skrebnev -**figures of quality,** **paradigmatic semasiology (onomasiology) units** **Metonymy- **is a word or phrase that is used to stand in for another word. Sometimes a metonymy is chosen because it is a well-known characteristic of the word. "He writes a fine hand." - This means that the person writes neatly or has good handwriting. According to I. R. Galperin -**lexical** **SDs** **and EMs.**V. A. Kukharenko -**lexical SDs*. ***Yu. M. Skrebnev - **paradigmatic semasiology (onomasiology) units**.**figures of quality** **Synecdoche**- a type of trope, which is a figure of speech. When used in literature, a synecdoche will add to the visual imagery of the passage and enhance the reader’s experience. "* white-collar* criminals". I. R. Galperin- **lexical** **SDs** **and EMs** . Yu. M. Skrebnev - **paradigmatic semasiology (onomasiology) units figures of quality** **Antonomasia-** a rhetorical for the substitution of a title, epithet, or descriptive phrase for a proper name to designate a member of a group or class. "The Mahatma" for Mohandas Gandhi. I. R. Galperin- **lexical** **SDs** **and EMs** . Yu. M. Skrebnev -**figures of quality** **paradigmatic semasiology (onomasiology) units** **Personification****-** a kind of metaphor in which animals, plants, inanimate objects or ab­stract ideas are represented as if they were human beings and possessed human qualities. Justice is blind. Necessity is the mother of invention. I. R. Galperin- **lexical** **SDs** **and EMs**. Yu. M. Skrebnev -**paradigmatic semasiology (onomasiology) units**.**figures of quality**   **Hyperbole****- **It is pur­pose is to emphasize something or to pro­duce a humorous effect. I loved Ophelia: forty thousand brothers / Could not, with all their quantity of love / Make up my sum. According to I. R. Galperin **lexical** **SDs** **and EMs.**V. A. Kukharenko -**lexical SDs* ***Yu. M. Skrebnev **paradigmatic semasiology (onomasiology) units**.**figures of quantity.** **Understatement-** is a figure of speech in which there is a contrast between the description and reality. As such, understatement can be used to reflect modesty, sarcasm, derogatory or complimentary tone **Irony**- saying the opposite of what you actually mean. Teacher: “You are absolutely the best class I’ve ever had.” Actual meaning: “the worst class”. According to I. R. Galperin - **lexical** **SDs** **and EMs**. V. A. Kukharenko -**lexical SDs* ***.Yu. M. Skrebnev - **paradigmatic semasiology (onomasiology) units**.**figures of quantity** **Oxymoron****-** a combination of contradictory words. “O hateful love! O loving hate!” / “I burn and freeze like ice.” (Shakespeare *Romeo and Juliet*). According to I. R. Galperin- **lexical** **SDs** **and EMs**. V. A. Kukharenko - **lexical SDs* ***.Yu. M. Skrebnev - **units of syntagmatic semasiology (onomasiology)**.**figures of contrast** **Epithet**- A rhetorical term for an adjective (or adjective phrase) used to characterize a person or thing. Sitting by his side, I watched the peaceful dawn. I. R. Galperin -**lexical** **SDs** **and EMs** V. A. Kukharenko -**lexical SDs* .*** **Pun** -a play on words that have a similar sound but different mean­ings. Where do you find giant snails? On the ends of giants’ fingers. I. R. Galperin **lexical** **SDs** **and EMs**. V. A. Kukharenko -**lexical SDs* ***.Yu. M. Skrebnev -** units of syntagmatic semasiology (onomasiology**) **figures of inequality** **Zeugma- **the use of one word in the same grammatical but different semantic relations: on one hand literal, and on the other, transferred, used for humorous effect. He *took his hat* and *his leave*. (Ch. Dickens). I. R. Galperin -**lexical** **SDs** **and EMs**. V. A. Kukharenko- **lexical SDs**.Yu. M. Skrebnev -**units of syntagmatic semasiology (onomasiology)**.**figures of inequality**   ** ** --- Source: [https://yvision.kz/post/the-next-304813](https://yvision.kz/post/the-next-304813)