---
title: "Metonymy and metaphor."
description: "Modern literary theory has often used ‘metonymy’ in a wider sense, todesignate the process of assoc..."
author: "Ailiss"
published: "2013-03-16T08:18:00+00:00"
modified: "2013-03-16T08:18:00+00:00"
locale: "ru"
canonical_url: "https://yvision.kz/post/metonymy-and-metaphor-342526"
markdown_url: "https://yvision.kz/post/metonymy-and-metaphor-342526/markdown"
site_name: "Yvision.kz"
---

# Metonymy and metaphor.

> Modern literary theory has often used ‘metonymy’ in a wider sense, todesignate the process of assoc...

***** *

![Metonymy and metaphor.](http://storage.yvision.kz/images/user/ailiss/0345hQLvdK2D6ibpxeF9TQj0YaYOG9.png)

Modern literary theory has often used ‘metonymy’ in a wider sense, todesignate the process of association by which metonymies are produced and understood: this involves establishing relationships of contiguity between two things, whereas [metaphor](http://www.answers.com/topic/metaphor) establishes relationships of similarity between them. The metonymy/metaphor distinction has been associated with the contrast between [syntagm](http://www.answers.com/topic/syntagma) and [paradigm](http://www.answers.com/topic/paradigm).

**E.g. Metonymy of hand**

a. THE HAND STANDS FOR PERSON.

- The book travelled from hand to hand.

b. THE HAND STANDS FOR PERSONALITY/ EMOTION. -Brian welcomed me with glad hands

c. THE HAND STANDS FOR ACTIVITY. -She is so brave that she takes her life in her hands

traveling to Africa.

d. THE HAND STANDS FOR SKILL.- He is notorious for running the company with a heavy hand.

e. THE HAND STANDS FOR CONTROL / INFLUENCE. -Our workers tend to grow lazy if they are given a free hand.

f. THE HAND STANDS FOR GIVING.

- I need a person to help me hand out these leaflets on the street.

g. THE HAND STANDS FOR SIDE.

- You can across the street because no traffic is on either hand of the road.

![Metonymy and metaphor.](https://storage.yvision.kz/images/user/ailiss/TKskkcwoETYBia5vdNrU17LxD0hb1y.jpg)

Without using "like" or "as".

**Conceptual metaphors of hand**

**Expressions of metaphor**

**Metaphorical expressions of hand**

ontological metaphor

- THE HAND IS A CONTAINER

- HOLDING IN THE HAND IS POSSESSION

- HOLDING IN THE HAND IS CONTROL

orientational metaphor

· SURRENDERING ONESELF IS UP

· FINDING SOMETHING IS ON SOMETHING

structural metaphor

- HANDS OF A CLOCK, CRAB'S HANDS,

LOBSTER'S HAND , THE HAND OF A GUN

[http://www.answers.com/topic/metonymy#ixzz2Ni7sZfTU](http://www.answers.com/topic/metonymy#ixzz2Ni7sZfTU)

[alskorea.com](http://www.alskorea.com/)›[report/142/14210.pdf](http://www.alskorea.com/report/142/14210.pdf)

---

Source: [https://yvision.kz/post/metonymy-and-metaphor-342526](https://yvision.kz/post/metonymy-and-metaphor-342526)