---
title: "История часов"
description: "Самые первые часы на земле - солнечные. Они были гениально простыми: воткнутый в землю шест. Вокруг ..."
author: "masterkas"
published: "2010-01-31T11:13:20+00:00"
modified: "2010-01-31T11:13:20+00:00"
locale: "ru"
canonical_url: "https://yvision.kz/post/istoriya-chasov-29068"
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site_name: "Yvision.kz"
---

# История часов

> Самые первые часы на земле - солнечные. Они были гениально простыми: воткнутый в землю шест. Вокруг ...

Самые первые часы на земле - солнечные. Они были гениально простыми: воткнутый в землю шест. Вокруг него нарисована шкала времени. Тень от шеста, передвигаясь по ней, показывала, который сейчас час. Позднее такие часы делали из дерева или камня и устанавливали на стенах общественных зданий. Затем появились переносные солнечные часы, которые изготавливали из ценных пород дерева, слоновой кости или бронзы. Были даже часы, которые условно можно назвать карманными; их нашли при раскопках древнего города. Эти солнечные часики, сделанные из посеребренной меди, имели форму окорока, на котором прочерчены линии. Шпилем - стрелкой часов - служил свиной хвостик. Часы были небольшие. Их вполне можно было бы поместить в кармане. Но карманов жители древнего города еще не придумали. Вот и носили такие часы на шнурке, цепочке или прикрепляли к тросточкам из дорогого дерева.

Солнечные часы имели один существенный недостаток: они могли «ходить» только на улице, да и то на освещенной солнцем стороне. Это, конечно, было крайне неудобно. Видимо, поэтому изобрели водяные часы. По капелькам вода перетекала из одного сосуда в другой, и по тому, сколько воды вытекало, определяли, сколько прошло времени. Много сотен лет такие часы - их называли клепсидрами - служили людям. В Китае, например, ими пользовались 4,5 тысячи лет назад. Кстати, первый будильник на земле тоже был водяным - и будильником, и школьным звонком одновременно. Его изобретателем считают древнегреческого философа Платона, жившего за 400 лет до нашей эры. Этот прибор, придуманный Платоном для созыва своих учеников на занятия, состоял из двух сосудов. В верхний наливалась вода, откуда она понемногу вытекала в нижний., вытесняя оттуда воздух. Воздух по трубке устремлялся к флейте, и она начинала звучать. Прчем будильник регулировался в зависимости от времени года. Клепсидры были очень распространены в древнем мире.

Кроме водяных часов были известны еще часы песочные и огневые (чаще всего будильники). На Востоке последние представляли собой палочки или шнуры,сделанные из медленно горящего состава.

А в конце XVI века было сделано новое открытие. Молодой ученый Галилео Галилей, наблюдая за движением самых разных лампад в Пизанском соборе во время богослужения, установил, что ни вес, ни форма лампад, а лишь длина цепей, на которых они подвешены, определяет периоды их колебаний от ветра, врывающегося в окна. Ему и принадлежит идея создания часов с маятником

Многие изобретатели старались усовершенствовать часы, и в конце XIX века они стали вещью обыденной и необходимой.

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