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00:16, 03 апреля 2014

syntactical SDs and EMs

This week we talked about Syntactical SDs and EMs, namely, climax, anticlimax, antithesis, attachment, asyndeton, polysyndeton, break-in-the-narrative, chiasmus, detachment, ellipsis, enumeration, litotes, parallel constructions, question-in-the-narrative, represented speech, rhetorical question, suspense, inversion, repetition.

And I have some tasks for you:

Climax –a sentences arrangement, in which each next word combination (clause, sentence) is logically more important or emotionally stronger and more explicit:

"Be careful," said Mr. Jingle. "Not a look." "Not a wink," said Mr. Tupman. "Not a syllable. Not a whisper." (D.)

Proceeding from the nature of the emphasized phenomenon it is possible to speak of logical(based on the components relative logical importance), emotional (based on the relative emotional tension produced by the components ) or quantitative (based on the relative increase in volume/ size of components), negative(based on the absence of a subsrance/ quality) types of climax.

  1. I. Indicate the type of climax. Pay attention to its structure and the semantics of its components:
  2. We were all in аll tо one another, it was the morning of life, it was bliss, it was frenzy, it was everything else of that sort in the highest degree. (D.)
  3. Like a well, like a vault, like a tomb, the prison had no knowledge of the brightness outside. (D.)
  4. "I shall be sorry, I shall be truly sorry to leave you, my friend." (D.)
  5. "Of course it's important. Incredibly, urgently, desperately important." (D.S.)
  6. After so many kisses and promises - the lie given to her dreams, her words, the lie given to kisses, hours, days, weeks, months of unspeakable bliss. (Dr.)
  7. For that one instant there was no one else in the room, in the house, in the world, besides themselves. (M.W.)

Inversion is very often used as an independent SD in which the direct word order is changed either completely so that the predicate (predicative) precedes the subject; or partially so that the object precedes the subject-predicate pair. Correspondingly, we differentiate between partial and a complete inversion.

Still another SD dealing with the arrangement of members of the sentence is suspense - a deliberate postponement of the completion of the sentence.

A specific arrangement of sentence members is observed in detachment, a stylistic device based on singling out a secondary member of the sentence with the help of punctuation (intonation). The word-order here is not violated, but secondary members obtain their own stress and intonation because they are detached from the rest of the sentence by commas, dashes or even a full stop as in the following cases: "He had been nearly killed, ingloriously, in a jeep accident." (I.Sh.) "I have to beg you for money. Daily." (S.L.) Both "ingloriously" and "daily" remain adverbial modifiers, occupy their proper normative places, following the modified verbs, but - due to detachment and the ensuing additional pause and stress - are foregrounded into the focus of the reader's attention.

II. Find and analyse cases of detachment, suspense and inversion.

1. She narrowed her eyes a trifle at me and said I looked exactly like Celia Briganza's boy. Around the mouth. (S.)

2. He observes it all with a keen quick glance, not unkindly, and full rather of amusement than of censure. (V.W.)

3. She was crazy about you. In the beginning. (R.W.)

4. It Was not the monotonous days uncheckered by variety anduncheered by pleasant companionship, it was not the dark dreary eveningsor the long solitary nights, it was not the absence of every slight and easypleasure for which young hearts beat high or the knowing nothing ofchildhood but its weakness and its easily wounded spirit, that had wrungsuch tears from Nell. (D.)

5. Of all my old association, of all my old pursuits and hopes, of all the living and the dead world, this one poor soul alone comes natural to me. (D.)

6. Benny Collan, a respected guy, Benny Collan wants to marry her. An agent could ask for more? (T.C.)

7. Women are not made for attack. Wait they must. (J. C.)

8. Out came the chase - in went the horses - on sprang the boys -in got the travellers. (D.)

9. Then he said: "You think it's so? She was mixed up in this lousy business?" (J.B.)

       
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