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04:20, 02 марта 2013

Pun. Zeugma. Irony. Malopropism.

The pun, also called paronomasia, is a form of word play which suggests two or more meanings, by exploiting multiple meanings of words, or of similar-sounding words, for an intended humorous or rhetorical effect.

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Zeugma- rhetorical term for the use of a word to modify or govern two or more words although its use may be grammatically or logically correct with only one. Adjective: zeugmatic.

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Irony thus is a stylistic device in which the contextual evaluative meaning of a word is directly opposite to its dictionary meaning.

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A malapropism (also called a Dogberryism) is the production of an incorrect word in place of a word with a similar sound, resulting in a nonsensical, often humorous utterance. An example is Yogi Berra's statement: "Texas has a lot of electrical votes, rather than "electoral votes".

The Bushism

George W. Bush is particularly famous for his malapropisms, and not without good reason. It is thus not surprising to learn that malapropisms (and other similar verbal slips) are often known by the name Bushisms in the USA. Here's a selection of George W. Bushisms:


"Oftentimes, we live in a processed world, you know, people focus on the process and not results."
"The law I sign today directs new funds... to the task of collecting vital intelligence... on weapons of mass production."
"It will take time to restore chaos and order."
"They have miscalculated me as a leader."
"Natural gas is hemispheric... because it is a product that we can find in our neighborhoods."
"I am mindful not only of preserving executive powers for myself, but for predecessors as well."
"We need an energy bill that encourages consumption."
"We are making steadfast progress."

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