Stylistic devises and expressive means in use.
So. I think that we’ve got a good experience visiting and studding stylistics. Now our background is more. And I hope that everyone can use SD and EM in practice.
Our life is filled with different SD and EM. We can find them everywhere (Literature (stories, novels, poems), movies, politics, etc.)
I want to analyze one of the most favorite poem “IF” by Rudyard Kipling
If [iambic pentameter]
If you can keep your head when all about you - metonymy
Are losing theirs and blaming it on you; - metonymy
If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,
But make allowance for their doubting too;
If you can wait and not be tired by waiting, metaphor
Or, being lied about, don't deal in lies,
Or, being hated, don't give way to hating, metaphor
And yet don't look too good, nor talk too wise; emphatically construction
If you can dream - and not make dreams your master; - personification
If you can think - and not make thoughts your aim; metonymy
If you can meet with triumph and disaster metonymy/ personification
And treat those two imposters just the same;
If you can bear to hear the truth you've spoken
Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools, metaphor
Or watch the things you gave your life to broken, personification
And stoop and build 'em up with wornout tools; occasionalism (metaphor) + alliteration (w,t)
If you can make one heap of all your winnings
And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss, metaphor (origin)
And lose, and start again at your beginnings metaphor
And never breath a word about your loss;
If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew metonymy/personification
To serve your turn long after they are gone, metaphor/personification
And so hold on when there is nothing in you hyperbole
Except the Will which says to them: "Hold on"; personification
If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue, metaphor
Or walk with kings - nor lose the common touch; metaphor
If neither foes nor loving friends (ep) can hurt you; metaphor/ hyperbole
If all men count with you, but none too much; metaphor
If you can fill the unforgiving minute metaphor/epithet
With sixty seconds' worth of distance run – metaphor/ hyperbole
Yours is the Earth and everything that's in it, hyperbole + hyperbaton
And - which is more - you'll be a Man my son! connotation
(Repetitions “if”, “and” (Polysyndeton), “you”)
And I’ll add some SD from Abama’s speech
Alliteration:
simple sums spirit
trail toward through
Effect: Gives the text a musical rhythm
Allusion:
A king who took us to the mountaintop (Martin Luther King) – He wants these patriotic people to remember of his own political
moon as our new frontier
heal this nation
repair the world
darkest of the nights
Effect: to give things a new feeling, to make them unforgettable
Personification:
the creed that does something