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10:03, 18 марта 2012

Hyperbole, Understatement, Periphrasis, Euphemism.

 
Hyperbole
 

Hyperbole - exaggeration for the sake of emphasis in a figure of speech not meant literally. An everyday example is the complaint ‘I've been waiting here for ages.’ Hyperbolic expressions are common in the inflated style of dramatic speech known as bombast, as in Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra when Cleopatra praises the dead Antony:

His legs bestrid the ocean: his reared arm
Crested the world.

Some examples:

He is as big as a house

James runs faster than a speeding bullet

My backpack weighed a ton
It is raining extremely hard outside.
I am so tired I could sleep for a year.

My backpack weighed a ton.

It is raining extremely hard outside.

I am so tired I could sleep for a year.

Hyperbole is an art term used in the literature for exaggerating the properties of objects or people'sabilities. Hyperbole I need to communicate, I use it every day.

 
Understatement 
 

Understatement is a form of speech in which a lesser expression is used than what would be expected. This is not to be confused with euphemism, where a polite phrase is used in place of a harsher or more offensive expression.

 

Understatement is a staple of humor in English-speaking cultures, especially in British humour. For example, in "Monty Python's The Meaning of Life", a suburban dinner party is invaded by Death, who wears a long black cloak and carries a scythe. He is the Grim Reaper; the party is over; the guests must all go with him. "Well," says one party guest, "that's cast rather a gloom over the evening, hasn't it?" In another scene, an Army officer has just lost his leg. When asked how he feels, he looks down at his bloody stump and responds, "Stings a bit."

 
Periphrasis 
 

1. the use of an unnecessarily long or roundabout form of expression; circumlocution.

2. an expression phrased in such fashion.

The use of a longer phrasing in place of a possible shorter form of expression; a roundabout or indirect manner of writing or speaking. In literature periphrasis is sometimes used for comic effect, as illustrated by Charles Dickens in the speech of the character Wilkins Micawber, who appears inDavid Copperfield:

“Under the impression,” said Mr. Micawber, “that your peregrinations in this metropolis have not as yet been extensive, and that you might have some difficulty in penetrating the arcana of the Modern Babylon in the direction of the City Road—in short,” said Mr. Micawber, in another burst of confidence, “that you might lose yourself—I shall be happy to call this evening, and instal you in the knowledge of the nearest way.”

 
 Euphemism
 


A euphemism is a polite, vague word or phrase that is used in place of word or phrase that might be considered offensive, harsh, unpleasant or inappropriate to say.

An example of a euphemism is someone saying "passed away" instead of "died."


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