Alliteration
Alliteration is the repetition of a particular sound in the prominent lifts (or stressed syllables) of a series of words or phrases. Alliteration has developed largely through poetry, in which it more narrowly refers to the repetition of a consonant in any syllables that, according to the poem's meter, are stressed[citation needed], as in James Thomson's verse "Come…dragging the lazy languid Line along".
Assonance
Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds to create internal rhyming within phrases or sentences, and together with alliteration and consonance serves as one of the building block of verse.
Attachment
It is a way of connecting two sentences seemingly unconnected sernanti-cally and leaving to tre reader to grasp the idea implied. The second part appears to be an afterthought:
e.g. "It was not Capetown, where people only frowned when they saw a black boy and a wh.te girl But here... And he loved her" (J Abraham Is).
It wasn't his fault It was yours. And mine.
Capitalization
Capitalization- is writing a word with its first letter as a capital letter and the remaining letters in lower case. This of course only applies to those writing systems which have a case distinction. The term is also used for the choice of case in text.
Graphon
Intentional violation of the graphical shape of a word (or word combination) used to reflect its pronunciation is called graphon.
"The b-b-b-b-bas-tud-he seen me c-c-c-c-com-ing" in R. P. Warren's Sugar Boy's speech or "You don't mean to thay that thith ith your firth time" (D.C.) show the physical defects of the speakers - the stumbling of one and the lisping of the other.
Hyphenation
Hyphenation – the reflection of rhymed or clipped manner in which a word is uttered.
E.g.:
I really do n – o – t love you.
Italics
According to the frequency of usage, variability of functions, the first place among graphical means of foregrounding is occupied by italics. Besides italicizing words to add to their logical or emotive significance, separate syllables and morphemes may also be emphasized by italics
Onomatopoeia
Onomatopoeia is a deliberate use of words or combinations of words whose sounds produce an imitation of a natural sound. It is often based on and combined with alliteration.
Onomatopoeia types:
- Direct, contained in words that imitate natural sounds.
E.g.:
- Indirect, which is a combination of sounds making the sound reflection of the meaning.
E.g.: And the silken, sad, uncertain rustling of each purple curtain. (E A. Poe)
Rhyme
Rhyme is a characteristic feature of poetry but in prose euphony final sound (ending). Such recurrence takes place at the end of a poetic line. With regard to the similarity of sounds we distinguish: full rhymes, imperfect rhymes.
With regard to the structure of rhymes we distinguish: masculine (or single) rhyme, feminine (or double) rhyme, dactylic (or triple) rhyme, full double or broken rhyme. The arrangements of rhymes may assume different schemes: couplet rhyme, cross rhyme, frame rhyme. The functions of rhyme in poetry are very important: it signalizes the end of a line and marks the arrangement of lines into stanzas.
Rhythm
Rhythm is a regular alteration of similar or equal units of speech. It is sometimes used by the author to produce the desired stylistic effect, whereas in poetry rhythmical arrangement is a constant organic element, a natural outcome of poetic emotion.
Example: The fallibly irrevocable cat met its intrinsic match in the oppositional form of a dog.
Shaped (Visual) text
Shaped text-a text, in which the lines/words form a recognizable shape (figure), such as a cross, a star, a heart, a triangle, etc. usually to reflect the contents.
E.g.:
Blood
throu'
sailed
and
prize
the
toe
fought
others
Whilst